学会誌「自然災害科学」

日本における濃霧による視程不良害発生の気候学的特徴

A Climatology of Disasters by Low Visibility with Dense Fog in Japan

山本 哲*

Akira YAMAMOTO*

Abstract

This investigation was conducted to examine the climatological features of disasters by low visibility with dense fog occurred from 1971 to 1997 in Japan. Most of the damages in the disasters were traffic hindrance or traffic accident. The data for unusual weather and meteorological disasters, which were compiled by Japan Meteorological Agency, were used in this study. It is estimated that they include about half of the disasters with human damage but include only small part of traffic hindrance with only light loss. Traffic accidents with human damage do not happen so often on land but quite often for marine cases. For land cases, they may be increasing because of extending faster traffic systems, especially highway network. The climatological features of the disasters have discrepancy with the features of the fog appearance by routine meteorological observations. The difference in intensity or spatial distribution pattern of fog might causes this discrepancy. The fog associated with advection of warm air, extratropical cyclone, front, and precipitation system often affect to human activities in Japan.

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